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October 8, 1954, Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise, Aube:

Reference for this case: 8-oct-54-Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise.
Please cite this reference in any correspondence with me regarding this case.

Summary:

The regional newspaper L'Est-Eclair, of Troyes, published on October 8, 1954, on page 4, a somehow humorous-toned article, saying that one week ago, Marcel and Jacques Guyot, father and son, of Saint-Etienne, returning from their work, had seen three mysterious craft on the railway near the level crossing at the exit of St-Etienne-sous-Barbuise, on the road that leads to Arcis-sur-Aube.

The newspaper said that for fear of being ridiculed, they had said little, but the affair had begun to be heard at the Gerbaud sawmill where they work, then at Arcis-sur-Aube, and finally throughout the region.

The journalist went to see the witnesses at their workplace on October 7, 1954, and the father said:

"Well, sir, that's it, it was a night like every night, I was coming home from work on a bicycle and I was hurrying to get over the crossing before the Micheline came in. It was 7:25 p.m. All of a sudden, what do I see: three "things" that shone, but that shone, white as snow, I tell you, it seemed funny to me, it did not move. Big "like that" (Mr. Guyot raises his hand up to his face). A normal size in the background... 'They' were 150 meters from the crossing."

"What do you want me to tell you, that's what I saw and nothing else, I did not say anything at the time because I thought people would laugh, and then, by dint of reading on the newspapers that they were everywhere, I told friends, and then you know it's going fast!"

"Be sure, sir, that if it happens again, I'll tell you that, next time I'll go to the little wood behind Mrs. Chepy's house, the gatekeeper. From there, I could watch and see well."

The son said:

"I passed there ten minutes after my father, at the crossing, and not far away, at 50 meters ('they' must have moved) I saw three 'things' that shone, it was rather yellowish white. There was one 'round' and two 'elongated', I had never seen that before, I thought, it must be a saucer, I saw them smaller than my father, it changes quickly."

"That's all we can tell you."

The case is then published in other newspapers, such as France-Soir for October 9, 1954, which tells that on October 8, 1954, three mysterious machines, one a saucer and two flying cigars, "landed" on the railway, in the Aube, according to Mr. Marcel Guyot, 45, and his son Jacques, 21.

Marcel Guyot is quoted:

"It was around 7:30 p.m. and I was riding back to my home when, as I was crossing the railway crossing that cuts the road to Arcis-sur-Aube, I suddenly saw, on the railway, three machines that gave off a violent white light, surprised at the moment, I went on my way, and it was a little later that I understood that they were flying saucers, but I did not dared to go back."

It is said that his son had passed at the same place a few minutes later, confirming the words of his father, stating:

"One of the craft was round like a saucer, while the other two were elongated like cigars."

This was then very briefly summarized in the ufological literature, by Aimé Michel and Jacques Vallée, who misdate the case at October 7, 1954. Michel included the case at that date in his theory of orthoteny; which puts forth that the places of observations of a day formed a network of straight lines inexplicable by chance alone.

But in April 1975, a very different version appeared in the ufology newsletter Info-OVNI, in an article examining the theory of orthoteny. The author indeed learned that this "aligned" case had been verified by ufologist Jean Tyrode (a ufologist that cannot suspected of inconsiderate "debunking").

Tyrode had learned that on the night of this alleged sighting, three painters from Arcis-sur-Aube were returning from Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise by bicycle. Having no headlights, they decided to ride along the railway to avoid any ecnounter with the gendarmes. The Guyots "witnesses" met them at the crossing, and once they arrived at the village cafe, they told around that in their place, people might have mistaken these three painters dressed in their white worksuits, for Martians.

The correspondent of the local newspaper heard this, and immediately told to his editor by phone the totally altered version of this anecdote, then very widely broadcast in the French press.

This explanation was cited - without indication its source - in the 1979 catalog by Michel Figuet and Jean-Louis Ruchon, but it remained unknown to some authors. Jean Sider, in 1977, doubted it, basing his rebutal on the story in L'Est-Eclair for October 8, 1954, assuring that it is impossible for the three "luminous" painters to remain on the spot for 10 minutes, the time that the father then the son see them.

Sider nevertheless discovers that two weeks after the first article, L'Est-Eclair suggested that there was "confusion from the remarks of a painter who uses the conditional, and it would be more a joke made by someone aware of the Guyots' testimonies."

Sider adds that in July 1989, the researcher Roger Chéreau had met the Guyots. The senile father could no longer speak, and the son, "no doubt a victim of psychological blockage," did not want to cooperate, but did not confirm any journalistic invention or any misinterpretation. R. Chéreau noted that the railway line where the phenomenon had been observed makes a turn at this place, and that if it had been painters, they would not have been visible ten minutes later. Jean Sider adds that, ridiculed by their entourage at the time, the two ulcerated men had preferred to be silent.

Finally, the case continues to be widely published as in Jacques Vallée's short version, without any indication of an explanation.

Reports:

[Ref. ler1:] NEWSPAPER "L'EST-ECLAIR":

[Ref. fso1:] NEWSPAPER "FRANCE-SOIR":

[Ref. aml1:] AIME MICHEL:

Aimé Michel indicates that on October 7, 1954, at 07:30 P.M., in Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise three machines landed on a railway track.

Michel indicates that his source is the newspaper Sud-Ouest for October 14, 1954.

In addition, in an article published in the scientific magazine of popular science, "Science et Vie", Aimé Michel indicates that on October 7, 1954 in St Etienne-sous-Barbuise in the Aube, there was an observation of three objects releasing a violent white light.

One was in the shape of disc, the two others were elongated like cigars.

[Ref. aml2:] AIME MICHEL:

Aimé Michel explained that since December 1957, he was convinced that the "alignments" of cases on straight lines, such as those of October 7, 1954, are inexplicable, or more exactly, that they can only be explained "by the reality of the flying saucers", and that his opinion "is also that of a large number of scientists, among whom several are world-renowned."

He published a map of these alignments for this date, indicating that all the observations of October 7, 1954, are reported there:

For the case of this file, he noted:

[Ref. gqy1:] GUY QUINCY:

[Ref. gqy2:] GUY QUINCY:

[Ref. jve5:] JACQUES VALLEE:

[Ref. pis1:] "PHENOMENES INCONNUS" UFOLOGY BULLETIN:

This ufology bulletin published a map supposed to show alignements of cases of October 7, 1954, and it included a cas in Saint Etienne:

[Ref. jve2:] JACQUES VALLEE:

The author indicates that on October 7, 1954, in the evening, Marcel Guyot was returning from work close to Saint-Etienne-Sous-Barbuise in the department of Aube and his son Jacques son took the same road, ten minutes afterwards. Both saw, at a railway crossing, three objects which emitted a shining white light. Jacques Guyot confirmed the observation of his father, adding that the three objects were always on the road when he had seen them. One was circular, the others in the shape of cigar.

[Ref. ioi1:] "INFO-OVNI" UFOLOGY BULLETIN:

[Ref. gal1:] CHARLES GARREAU AND RAYMOND LAVIER:

The two ufologists and authors give their report of an observation in Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbusse in the Aube, on October 7, 1954 at 07:30 P.M., from personal file and newspaper clippings. They note that the ufology magazine "Lumières dans la Nuit" published a very good investigation in its January 1975 issue.

They point out that this was one of the very rare cases in which three UFOS were seen together on the ground, citing another such case in France, that of Englefontaine on August 2, 1974.

The indicate that the encounter occurred to two farmers of Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbusse, Mr. Marcel Guyot and his son Jacques, whereas they returned from their work, separately, with the father preceding his son by a few minutes, both taking however the same way.

Both, when they went across a railway crossing, saw the same strange show: at a few tens of meters, three objects which were posed on the railway, emitting a white light, very shiny.

Marcel Guyot describes them as being discs, his son as being cigars, which the authors indicates being a change of aspect which recalls much of the testimony of Mrs. Leclercq in Cousolre.

They point out that neither Marcel Guyot nor his son sought to see more of that, both impressed by what they saw they, had regained their house as fast as possible.

[Ref. jve1:] JACQUES VALLEE:

[Ref. jve3:] JACQUES VALLEE:

[Ref. jve4:] JACQUES VALLEE:

[Ref. gab1:] UFOLOGY GROUP "G.A.B.R.I.E.L.":

[Ref. bbr1:] GERARD BARTHEL AND JACQUES BRUCKER:

The two authors note this case of October 7, 1954:

"Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise - 10 - 07:30 p.m.: no investigation. Hoax."

[Ref. fru1:] MICHEL FIGUET AND JEAN-LOUIS RUCHON:

According to these ufologists, who title "an unbelievable story by a journalist in search of fame," the observation is on October 7, 1954 at 07:30 p.m. in Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise and went like this:

Three objects were seen posed on a railway by Marcel Guyot and his son.

Marcel Guyot sees at the railway crossing of Arcis-sur-Aube three apparatuses on the ground.

His son passed at the same place a few minutes later and also saw it, stating that one looked like a saucer and the other two were cigar-shaped.

The authors say that in reality, they had seen three painters from Arcis-sur-Aube returning to St-Etienne-sous-Barbuise pushing their bikes on the track, to avoid getting fined by the police as they had no light.

When they arrived at the village bar, they told that in their place people could have taken these three painters for Martians.

The local newspaper correspondent who was also at the bar with ears wide open phoned to his editor the unbelievable story that was widely reported in the Press.

[Ref. gep1:] UFOLOGY GROUP "GEPO":

[Ref. jge11:] JEAN-FRANCOIS GILLE:

[Ref. mft3:] MICHEL FIGUET:

[Ref. lgs1:] LOREN GROSS:

[Ref. jsr1:] JEAN SIDER:

Jean Sider indicates that on October 1 or 2, 1954, in the Aube, at the crossing of the railway line at the exit of St. Etienne-sous-Barbuise on the Arcis-sur-Aube road, two workers saw an unusual sight: first, Marcel Guyot saw on the railway at 07:25 p.m. three "things" shining white as snow and not moving, about 1.60 m tall and at a distance of about 150m.

Ten minutes later, his son Jacques saw the same scene, but closer, at about 50 m. The "things" shone yellowish-white. The son found them smaller than the father. The witnesses did not say anything right away for fear of ridicule, but an indiscretion on their part gave rise to a rumor that spread and finally reached two journalists who published an article after meeting the Guyots, accompanied by a photo of the witnesses.

Fifteen days later, another text appeared in the same newspaper reporting a rumor circulating in the country, saying that the Guyot had been abused by three painters who were walking along the railway track while pushing their bikes because they had no lighting and were afraid of being fined by the police if they had taken the usual road.

Jean Sider says his sources are Est Eclair, of Troyes, October 8, p. 4 and October 25, 1954, p. 3.

He added that as the case might be a CE3, he will mention it again further in his book.

He noted with stupor that Figuet classed this incident as a confusion coupled with a journalistic abuse: a newspaper man heard painters in a bar say they might have been taken for Martians, and wrote an article arranged this way, but it does not stand up to analysis:

First the three painters without lighting that shine and do not move, and seen in the same place at a ten-minute interval, "it's not serious."

Then, it is the same newspaper which suggested 15 days later that there was a confusion from the reflection of a painter who uses the conditional, and it would be a joke made by someone familiar with the testimony of the Guyots.

The first note would eliminate the confusion, the second would demonstrates that it was not a journalistic abuse but nothing more than an error from the correspondent of Est Eclair, who had taken the joke of the painter for serious information.

He adds that in July 1989, researcher Roger Chéreau met the Guyots. The father was senile and longer able to speak, and the son "probably suffered a mental block" as he did not want to cooperate; yet he did not confirm the confusion and journalistic abuse. R. Chéreau found that the railroad where the phenomenon had been observed is curved there, and that if they were painters, they could not have been seen ten minutes long.

Jean Sider adds that ridiculed by those around them at the time, the two ulcerated men preferred to remain silent.

Jean Sider says further in his book that on October 1 or 2, 1954, at 07:25 p.m. in Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise in the Aube, MM. Guyot father and son, about ten minutes apart, saw three separate brilliant phenomena without details discerned, lying on a railway track, near a crossing.

One was round, the other two "elongated" and we are not told whether vertical or horizontal, so, if they were vertical, one may think they were UFO occupants, according to Jean Sider.

He indicates that it comes from a local source, Est Eclair, of Troyes, for October 8, 1954, and gives a xerox of the article.

He adds that Michel Figuet, on pages 665-666, has found it sensible to offer two different versions to reduce the case, first a confusion with painters who were walking home, pushing their bikes along the railway, then a farfetched story invented by a journalist in search of glory.

Jean Sider recalls that in Chapter 3, case 6, he explained why the two versions in no way corresponded to the facts when they are scrutinized, but he offers this potential CE3 with "reservations", "because it is not obvious."

He adds further on:

[Ref. lhh1:] LARRY HATCH:

[Ref. goe1:] GODELIEVE VAN OVERMEIRE:

The Belgian ufologist indicates that on October 7, 1954, in St Etienne sous Barbuise, "Marcel Guyot came back at 19:30 from his work in the periphery of this village. His son (Jacques) followed the same road ten minutes later. Both saw, at a level crossing, three objects on the ground, which produced a brilliant white light. One of them was circular, the other had the shape of a cigar (note by vog: what about the third?"

She indicates that the sources are "France-Soir, 9 oct 1954" and "Jacques Vallée: 'Chronique des apparitions ET' - DENOEL 1972 - J'AI LU COLL. - p. 271".

She adds that in reality: "the local correspondent of 'Samedi Soir' seeking for the sensational and who was at the coffee shop where a story was told, phoned the incredible story to his editor, it was widely published in the press."

She indicates that the source of the above is "M. FIGUET/ J.L. RUCHON: 'Ovni, Premier dossier complet...' Alain Lefeuvre pub. 1979, p. 665, 666".

[Ref. djn1:] DONALD JOHNSON:

[Ref. jbu1:] JEROME BEAU:

Jérôme Beau indicates that his source is "France-Soir, October 9, 1954".

[Ref. lcn1:] LUC CHASTAN:

Luc Chastan indicates that in the Aube in St Etienne sous Barbuise on October 7, 1954, at 19:30 hours, "Observation of three objects releasing a violent white light. One in the shape of a disc, the two others was lengthened like cigars. They were posed on a railroad track."

Luc Chastan indicates that the source is "M.O.C. par Michel Aimé ** Arthaud 1958" et "Science et vie".

[Ref. uda1:] "UFODNA" WEBSITE:

The website indicates that on 7 October 1954 19:30 St. Etienne-sous-Barbuise, France, "Marcel Guyot was coming from work near this village, and his son Jacques followed the same road ten minutes later. Both saw, at a railroad crossing, three objects on the ground that gave a bright white light. One was circular object, the others cigar-shaped."

The website adds: "An object was observed. Electromagnetic effects were noted. One changing color cigar-shaped object was observed by one male witness on a highway for a few seconds (Lefebure; Tremblay)."

[Note: "Lefebure" and "Tremblay" are names that have nothing to do with this case.]

The sources are noted as "Guieu, Jimmy, Flying Saucers Come from Another World, Citadel, New York, 1956; Michel, Aime, Flying Saucers and the Straight-Line Mystery, S. G. Phillips, New York, 1958; Poher, Claude, Etudes Statistiques Portant sur 1000 Temoignag, Author, undated; Bowen, Charles, The Humanoids: FSR Special Edition No. 1, FSR, London, 1966; Vallee, Jacques, Computerized Catalog (N = 3073); Vallee, Jacques, Challenge to Science: The UFO Enigma, Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1966; Vallee, Jacques, Preliminary Catalog (N = 500), (in JVallee01); Vallee, Jacques, A Century of Landings (N = 923), (in JVallee04), Chicago, 1969; Schoenherr, Luis, Computerized Catalog (N = 3173); Carrouges, Michel, Les Apparitions de Martiens, Fayard, Paris, 1963; Hall, Richard H., The UFO Evidence, NICAP, Washington, 1964; Rodeghier, Mark, UFO Reports Involving Vehicle Interference, CUFOS, Chicago, 1981; Falla, Geoffrey, Vehicle Interference Project, BUFORA, London, 1979; Hatch, Larry, *U* computer database, Author, Redwood City, 2002."

[Ref. nip1:] "THE NICAP WEBSITE":

[Ref. ubk1:] "UFO-DATENBANK":

This database recorded this case 9 times instead of one:

Explanations:

A first point is the date. With the exception of Jean Sider [jsr1], all sources have a false date. The newspaper was published on October 8 and specified that it had happened a week earlier. This does not give a specific date, but October 7 is thus an impossible date.

A second point is the idea that it would have been invented by a reporter from France-Soir: it is obviously impossible since France-Soir appeared with the story on October 9 while the affair was already in the regional newspaper on October 8; therefore it cannot be an "invention" of a "France-Soir correspondent", even if such a correspondent was really looking for a sensation article. Very likely a France-Soit correspondent simply reported to his Parisian newsroom what he read in the article published in the regional newspaper, France-Soir printing it the next day, as it was usually done.

A third point is that this time - this is not always the case but it happens a number of times - Barthel and Brucker seem to have invented the "hoax" explanation: there is no information about it; and there is this explanation of painters in white outfits, apparently more established. Unless it is the latter that was the "hoax".

In any case, I see nothing to really ensure any explanation for now. The story is extremely sketchy - the Est Eclair journalist does not do a decent job. No clear details, almost no overlap between the father and the son. The father gives no shape, he said only three "things". The son does not say if these were craft, he speaks only of a "round" and two "elongated" - which became a disc and two cigars in Vallée and his copycats.

The son who say it was three things concludes that it is a (single) saucer; one wonders if he really knew what the "saucer" expression was supposed to mean. He speaks of a yellowish white where the father said "white as snow"; it does not give the same distance - and it is a bit too easy to claim the "things" must have moved. It may as well be said that the two did not see anything very well, that it was really three painters on bike, that "ten minutes" interval is nothing scientifically established, etc.

In short, I think this is a very inconclusive case.

Updated on June 27, 2019:

It was on this date that I get the source "Le Lapin et le Renard" [ioi1], and this explains a lot of things:

It was therefore the "believer" ufologist Jean Tyrode who discovered the truth, published just 4 years before the laconic "Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise - 10 - 07:30 p.m.: no investigation, hoax" of Barthel and Brucker; there has been an investigation, though certainly late, and it gives us some information that Barthel and Brucker, who must have read them, are careful not to source or credit. So, it was an invention of a newspaper man who had "embroidered" around the remarks of the two men about the painters that one might have mistaken for Martians, but that nobody mistook for Martians. And there was no cigar or saucer there...

(Those who know the production of Jean Tyrode will certainly agree that there is no chance that he invented a trivial explanation for a case that would not have a trivial explanation...)

There is no wonder that the alleged "report" of Mssrs Guyot was so inconsistent.

We also understand that Jean Sider did not read the article "Le Lapin et le Renard", otherwise he would not have cited the "contradictions" in the trivial explanations given without all the details by Figuet and Ruchon.

Garreau et Lavier assurent qu'une enquête, qui ne révéle pas la nature d'uinvnetion de journaliste, serait parue dans Lumières Dans La nuit (LDLN) en janvier 1975. Il n'y a rien dans ce N° 141 de janvier 1975 de LDLN, mais ce magazine publiait un supplément, "Contact Lecteurs", et un tel supplément pour janvier 1975 pourrait être la source de cette enquête; je n'en dispose malheureusement pas pour le moment.

Keywords:

(These keywords are only to help queries and are not implying anything.)

Saint-Etienne-sous-Barbuise, Aube, Marcel Guyot, Jacques Guyot, multiple, road, train, object, light, bright, white, luminous, circular, cigar, landing, rumor, invention, explained, confusion, painters

Sources:

[----] indicates sources that are not yet available to me.

• [ler1] Article in the regional newspaper L'Est-Eclair, Troyes, France, page 4, October 8, 1954.
• [----] Article in the regional newspaper Centre-Matin, France, October 8, 1954.
• [fso1] Article in the national newspaper France-Soir, Paris, France, October 9, 1954.
• [----] Article in the national newspaper Paris-Presse, Paris, France, October 9, 1954.
• [----] Article in the regional newspaper L'Est-Eclair, Troyes, France, page 3, October 25, 1954.
• [aml1] "Mystérieux Objets Célestes", book by Aimé Michel, Arthaud publisher, France, 1958.
• [aml2] "Un nouvel accès au problème des soucoupes volantes - (suite et fin)", article by Aimé Michel, in the ufology magazine Lumières Dans La Nuit (LDLN), France, #5, pages 3,4, June 1958.
• [aml1] "Mystérieux Objets Célestes", book by Aimé Michel, Seghers publisher, France, pp 199, 202, 1958.
• [aml1] "Flying Saucers and the Straight-Line Mystery", book by Aimé Michel, English version of "Mystérieux Objets Célestes", S.G. Phillips publisher, USA, 1958.
• [gqy1] "Observations 1954", monograph by Guy Quincy, France - Algeria, private publication, page 13, the 1950's.
• [gqy2] "Atterrissages au XXe siècle", monograph by Guy Quincy, France - Algeria, private publication, unnumbered pages, the 1950's.
• [jve5] "Catalogue préliminaire de 500 observations", listing in "Les Phénomènes Insolites de l'Espace", book by Jacques and Jannine Vallée, Table Ronde publisher, France, 1966.
• [jve1] "Un Siècle d'Atterrissages", catalogue by Jacques Vallée, in the ufology magazine Lumières Dans la Nuit (LDLN), France, #101 bis, page 3, November 1969.
• [jve3] "The Pattern Behind the UFO Landings", article by Jacques Vallée, in the ufology magazine Flying Saucer Review (FSR), U-K., Special Issue #1, page 13, August 1967.
• [aml1] "A Propos des Soucoupes Volantes", book by Aimé Michel, reprint of "Mystérieux Objets Célestes", Planète publishers, France, 1966.
• [jve1] "Passport to Magonia - On Ufos, Folklore, and Parallel Worlds", book by Jacques Vallée, Contemporary Books publishers, USA, 1969.
• [pis1] Ufology bulletin Phénomènes Inconnus, C.F.R.S, France, #14, pages 20,21, 1971.
• [jve1] "Chronique des Apparitions Extra-Terrestres", French translation of "Passport to Magonia", book by Jacques Vallée, Denoel publisher, France, page 271, 1972.
• [jve2] Summary by Jacques Vallée in "The Humanoids: A Survey of World-Wide Reports of Landings of Unconventional Aerial Objects and their Alleged Occupants", book by Charles Bowen, Neville Spearman publishers, U-K., 1969.
• [jve2] Summary by Jacques Vallée in "En Quête des Humanoïdes", book by Charles Bowen, French translation of "The Humanoids", J'ai Lu publisher, France, page 45, 1974.
• [ioi1] "Le Lapin et le Renard", unsigned article in the ufology bulletin Info OVNI, France, Series 1, N° 0, pp 2-3, April 1975.
• [gal1] "Face Aux Extra-Terrestres", book by Charles Garreau and Raymond Lavier, Delarge publisher, J'ai Lu, France, page 216, 1975.
• [jve4] "1954: 7 jours, 40 observations" article by Jacques Vallée, in the history magazine Historia, France, special Issue, #46, page 45, 1976.
• [jve5] "Catalogue préliminaire de 500 observations", listing in "Les Phénomènes Insolites de l'Espace", book by Jacques and Jannine Vallée, Robert Laffont publisher, France, page 250, 1978.
• [gab1] "Soucoupes Volantes: Le Grand Refus?", book by the ufology group G.A.B.R.I.E.L., Michel Moutet publisher, France, page 220, 1978.
• [bbr1] "La Grande Peur Martienne", book by Gerard Barthel and Jacques Brucker, Les Nouvelles Editions Rationalistes publishers, France, page 195, 1979.
• [fru1] "OVNI, Le Premier Dossier Complet des Rencontres Rapprochées en France", book by Michel Figuet and Jean-Louis Ruchon, Alain Lefeuvre publisher, France, pp 665-666, 1979.
• [----] "Computerized Catalog", compiled by Luis Schoenherr.
• [gep1] "Catalogue mondial Pasqualini, list, in the ufology bulletin GEPO Informations, ufology group GEPO, France, #21, September / December 1980.
• [jge1] "L'isocélie de Fumoux: un premier résultat scientifique", article by Jean-François Gille, in the ufology magazine Lumières Dans La Nuit (LDLN), France, #209, page 17, November 1981.
• [mft3] "ATTERRISSAGES D'UFO sur le continent français du 26 septembre 1954 au 18 octobre 1954", list by Michel Figuet in the ufology magazine Lumières Dans La Nuit (LDLN), France, #249-250, page 26, March / April 1985.
• [lgs1] "The Fifth Horseman of the Apocalypse - UFOs: A History - 1954 October", monography by Loren E. Gross, USA, page 17, 1991.
• [jsr1] "Le Dossier 1954 Et l'Imposture Rationaliste", book by Jean Sider, Ramuel publisher, France, pages 91-92, 180, pp 230-231, 1997.
• [lhh1] "*U* Computer Database", website, page for the list of discredited sightings, by Larry Hatch, USA, circa 2003, was at www.larryhatch.net
• [goe1] "Chronologie OVNI", web page compiled by Godelieve Van Overmeire, Belgium, circa 2003, at users.skynet.be/sky84985/afin54.htm
• [lhh2] "A Short List of Discredited UFO Sightings", by Larry Hatch, in the ufology bulletin The IUFOMRC Newsletter, USA, page 3, September 2003.
• [djn1] "Encounters With Aliens On This Day", web page compiled by Donald Johnson, USA, circa 2005, at www.ufocat.com.
• [jbu1] "Thursday, October 7, 1954", web page compiled by Jérôme Beau, RR0 website, France, circa 2005, at rr0.org/data/1/9/5/4/10/07/index.html.
• [lcn1] Base OVNI France, website by Luc Chastan, France, circa 2005, at baseovnifrance.free.fr/detobs.php?numobs=841
• [uda1] "7 Oct 1954 - St. Etienne-sous-Barbuise, France", web page by the UFOdna website, circa 2008, at www.ufodna.com/uf18/uf9/189083.htm
• [nip1] List on The NICAP Website, USA, found in 2014, at http://www.nicap.org/reports/1954_ufocat.htm
• [ubk1] Online database UFO-Datenbank, Germany, found in 2016, at ufodatenbank.de

Document history:

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